Hi Novica,

the issue is actually the alignright property of the image

What you can do is adding a class to the image (let's say my-class) in the Additional Class Name field and then adding the following css styles

@media (max-width:599px) {

    .wp-block-image .alignright.my-class {
         float: none!important;
        margin: 0 auto!important;
   }

}

in customizer -> additional CSS